Bharatiya Sakshya Adhiniyam, 2023

Section 1 – Scope Section 2 – Definitions Section 3 – Act commencement Section 4 – Applicability Section 5 – Exclusions Section 6 – Interpretation

Section 7 – Examination-in-chief Section 8 – Questions in exam Section 9 – Mode of examination Section 10 – Leading questions Section 11 – Examination record Section 12 – Refreshing memory Section 13 – Documents production Section 14 – Examination conclusion

Section 15 – Examination-in-chief Section 16 – Questions during exam Section 17 – Mode of questions Section 18 – Leading questions Section 19 – Documents production Section 20 – Examination conclusion

Section 21 – Cross-examination Section 22 – Scope of examination Section 23 – Questions during exam Section 24 – Mode of examination Section 25 – Leading questions Section 26 – Refreshing memory Section 27 – Impeaching credibility Section 28 – Documents production Section 29 – Witness contradiction Section 30 – Questions by court Section 31 – Court questioning limits Section 32 – Examination conclusion

Section 33 – Re-examination Section 34 – Scope of re-exam Section 35 – Questions in re-exam Section 36 – Re-examination conclusion

Section 37 – Official secrets Section 38 – Government secrets Section 39 – Private affairs Section 40 – Trade secrets Section 41 – Professional privilege Section 42 – Clergy privilege Section 43 – Legal privilege Section 44 – Marital privilege Section 45 – Medical privilege Section 46 – Witness exemption

Section 47 – General competency Section 48 – Child witnesses Section 49 – Mentally ill witnesses Section 50 – Sovereign immunity Section 51 – Ambassador immunity Section 52 – Judge competency Section 53 – Spouse testimony Section 54 – Criminal competency

Section 55 – Burden of proof Section 56 – Burden on accused Section 57 – Standard of proof Section 58 – Preponderance evidence Section 59 – Presumption innocence Section 60 – Burden exceptions

Section 61 – Presumption of fact Section 62 – Presumption of death Section 63 – Time presumptions Section 64 – Person presumptions Section 65 – Property presumptions Section 66 – Usage presumptions Section 67 – Possession presumptions Section 68 – Ownership presumptions

Section 69 – Handwriting presumption Section 70 – Signature presumption Section 71 – Stamp presumption Section 72 – Seal presumption Section 73 – Date presumption Section 74 – Custody presumption Section 75 – Condition presumption Section 76 – Publication presumption Section 77 – Authority presumption Section 78 – Agreement presumption

Section 79 – Estoppel definition Section 80 – Estoppel types Section 81 – Estoppel bar Section 82 – Estoppel limits

Section 83 – Admission definition Section 84 – Party admissions Section 85 – Third party admissions Section 86 – Admission evidence Section 87 – Admission effect Section 88 – Admission extent Section 89 – Admission proof Section 90 – Admission limits

Section 91 – Confession definition Section 92 – Voluntary confession Section 93 – Confession in custody Section 94 – Admissibility confession Section 95 – Use of confession Section 96 – Confession retraction

Section 97 – Statement definition Section 98 – Hearsay statements Section 99 – Hearsay exception Section 100 – Dying declaration Section 101 – Excited utterance Section 102 – Statement conclusion

Section 103 – Document definition Section 104 – Document categories Section 105 – Document proof Section 106 – Document contents Section 107 – Original document Section 108 – Document copy Section 109 – Electronic records Section 110 – Document admissibility Section 111 – Document examination Section 112 – Document conclusion

Section 113 – Judicial notice Section 114 – Judicial facts Section 115 – Notorious facts Section 116 – Court knowledge Section 117 – Public facts Section 118 – Admission facts Section 119 – Party facts Section 120 – Fact conclusion

Section 121 – Public document Section 122 – Public definition Section 123 – Proof required Section 124 – Government certificate Section 125 – Official documents Section 126 – Admissibility public Section 127 – Document examination Section 128 – Public conclusion

Section 129 – Private document Section 130 – Private definition Section 131 – Proof required Section 132 – Authentication Section 133 – Admissibility private Section 134 – Private conclusion

Section 135 – Document production Section 136 – Document examination Section 137 – Document marking Section 138 – Document custody Section 139 – Authenticity Section 140 – Document comparison Section 141 – Certification Section 142 – Document conclusion

Section 143 – Expert opinion Section 144 – Expert qualification Section 145 – Basis of opinion Section 146 – Cross-examination Section 147 – Scientific evidence Section 148 – DNA evidence Section 149 – Fingerprint evidence Section 150 – Audio-video evidence Section 151 – Digital evidence Section 152 – Electronic records Section 153 – Cyber evidence Section 154 – Mobile forensics Section 155 – CCTV evidence Section 156 – GPS evidence Section 157 – Voice recording Section 158 – Wiretap evidence Section 159 – Cloud evidence Section 160 – Social media Section 161 – Metadata evidence Section 162 – Blockchain Section 163 – AI evidence Section 164 – Rule amendment Section 165 – Power delegation Section 166 – Repeal Section 167 – Savings Section 168 – Commencement Section 169 – Definitions Section 170 – General provisions